By Payton Bausman, MD, Family Medicine with Obstetrics
Why RSV Spreads More Easily in Winter Months
Cold, dry air weakens our defenses, and viruses like RSV remain more stable in low temperatures and light. With people indoors more often, germs circulate quickly, creating the perfect conditions for illness. That’s why RSV season usually stretches through the colder months, from November into March.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) often looks like a common cold, but in some cases, it can lead to pneumonia or bronchiolitis (bron-kee-o-LIE-tis)—an inflammation of the small airways in the lungs that makes breathing difficult.
Who Is Most at Risk for RSV
Infants under one year old, children born prematurely, and those with underlying health conditions face the highest risk of hospitalization with RSV. Older adults, especially those over 65, and people with weakened immune systems or chronic lung or heart disease are also more likely to develop severe RSV illness.
How to Prevent RSV
As with all viruses, the best way to avoid getting RSV is to limit exposure. RSV spreads quickly through coughing, shared food, utensils, cups, and contact with contaminated surfaces. Frequent handwashing and cleaning are essential, especially if you are caring for a sick child or family member. Wearing a mask when coughing or after being exposed to someone who is ill can reduce transmission. Those who are sick should avoid contact with others, especially young children and individuals at higher risk, until they’re feeling well.
In addition, an RSV vaccination was widely rolled out in the fall of 2024. This one-time dose vaccine is recommended for everyone age 75+, ages 50-74 with risk factors such as heart or lung diseases, and for pregnant women of 32-36 weeks gestation who will give birth during RSV season, with the goal of decreasing RSV related illness, hospitalization, and death in infants and older adults.
Treatments for RSV (Antibiotics Do Not Work on Viruses)
Because RSV is a virus, antibiotics are not effective. For most children and adults, this includes rest, plenty of fluids (such as water, diluted juice, broth, or electrolyte drinks), and keeping warm and comfortable. A cool-mist humidifier may help ease coughing and congestion, and gentle suctioning can relieve nasal stuffiness in infants. Over-the-counter medications may also help manage fever or discomfort when recommended by a healthcare provider.
Those at higher risk—such as infants, older adults, or people with chronic health conditions—should be monitored closely, as RSV can sometimes progress to more serious illness requiring medical attention.
When to Seek Medical Care for RSV
Testing for RSV is not always necessary, since it is a viral illness and antibiotics do not help in treating it. Care for RSV is focused on managing symptoms at home. However, medical care may be needed if conditions worsen or become severe.
For children:
Medical evaluation is recommended if a child appears very ill, has trouble breathing, shows signs of dehydration (such as fewer wet diapers, dry mouth, or lack of tears), or is unable to drink adequate fluids. Infants younger than 60 days with a fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher should be seen by a healthcare provider immediately. Children may return to school or daycare once they are fever-free and able to eat and drink normally.
For adults:
Most healthy adults recover at home with rest and fluids. However, medical care is advised if symptoms become severe—such as shortness of breath, wheezing, high fever, chest pain, or signs of dehydration. Adults over 65, or those with chronic lung or heart disease or weakened immune systems, should contact a healthcare provider promptly, especially if symptoms are worsening, as they are more likely to develop complications.
The Bottom Line on RSV
Most cases of RSV are mild and can be managed at home with rest, fluids, and comfort care. Still, it’s important to know when to seek medical attention, especially for infants, older adults, or anyone with chronic health conditions. Awareness and prevention go a long way in protecting loved ones during RSV season.