By Al D. Patel, MD, Internal Medicine
Imagine a young athlete in peak condition suddenly collapsing. While you might think “heart attack,” sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is different. Think of a heart attack as a plumbing problem of the heart. Sudden cardiac arrest is an electrical malfunction that stops the heart from pumping. Blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs. A person who has suffered SCA will suddenly collapse and lose consciousness with no pulse or breathing.
According to the American Heart Association, SCA is responsible for half of all heart disease deaths. It claims more lives than colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, influenza, pneumonia, auto accidents, HIV, firearms, and house fires combined. The good news is that bystander CPR can double or even triple the survival rates of people with sudden cardiac arrest. The bad news is that only about 46% of SCA victims receive it before emergency help arrives. Without chest compressions or a shock from an automated defibrillator (AED), the SCA victim most often dies within minutes, causing “sudden cardiac death.”
Symptoms of Heart Conditions
While often sudden and unexpected, heart problems leading to SCA can produce signs that should prompt you to see your doctor. Pay close attention to any of these symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Blackouts (especially during exertion)
- Fainting
- Heart fluttering
- Easy Fatigue
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
Prevention and Risk Factors
The same things that can increase the risk of heart disease can raise the risk of sudden cardiac arrest. Risk factors that may heighten the risk of SCA include hyperthyroidism, drug abuse, smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes. To lower your risk:
- Consistently eat a nutritious and balanced diet
- Be physically active
- Avoid energy drinks
- Don’t smoke or abuse drugs or alcohol
- Get regular medical checkups
All these things and more can help keep your heart healthy and even save your life.
Emergency Care for SCA:
It is common to think, “This won’t happen to me!” You may be correct, but it may happen to someone next to you. 70% of people who experience sudden cardiac arrest are at home, while approximately 18% are in public. Remember, the first minutes count the most, so take action immediately.
- Call 911, or have someone call for you
- Begin CPR or chest compressions.
- Use an AED if available. The best chance for rescuing the person involves defibrillation with that device, which can help restart the heart. Advanced medical treatment will continue in the ambulance and closest emergency room.
If you do not know how to perform chest compressions or CPR, sign up for a class in your community. Your knowledge and willingness to act may help save a life.
